I don't know what your definition of solvable is for Factorio, but for mine, there are already a few calculators out there that can solve the infinite resource/constant thruput scenario just using linear algebra. The base game has a limited number of products. Maybe in some of the overhauls like K2SE or Py's, you might need something more complex since those are 10x-100x the base game, and the system of equations may surpass numerical methods on a single computer.
The real serious solutions are actually you versus your system resources. There solutions look awfully like low level performance tricks like inserter clocking (think SIMD) or belt compression (think fitting data in cache lines/reducing pages). Both of these things would take not just and understanding of the game, but understanding how the game is programmed.
The real serious solutions are actually you versus your system resources. There solutions look awfully like low level performance tricks like inserter clocking (think SIMD) or belt compression (think fitting data in cache lines/reducing pages). Both of these things would take not just and understanding of the game, but understanding how the game is programmed.