Removing triglycerides from blood would technically work, however lipids in blood, including triglycerides typically travel attached to task-specific proteins. So, you'd have to remove the entire protein-lipid complex, and that might have additional ramifications complicating the process.

Bear in mind, dialysis does work, however it certainly does not work as well as we hope it should. Dialysis, in all of its different forms, takes a huge toll on the body, and dialysis itself significantly increases mortality; it is also an invasive intervention.

All that being said, we certainly should be doing more research on this.

I have no real or deep knowledge, just some casual pop news reading.

Isn't ketosis the state, in which the body switches to fat as the primary fuel?

To answer your question, yes that is what ketosis is. Eliminate the non-fibrous carbs from your diet and after 48 hours or once the carbs are out of your blood stream your body will start to break down stored body fat. Through a process in the liver you get ketones. In the context of meal planning, meal timing, and other lifestyle choices it's extremely effective. For anyone with ADHD / ADD patterns do TRY IT for a month!

The study and the discussion here however are focused on reducing the quantity of those adipocyte cells in the body, which aren't reduced through ketosis. I think ketosis causes more of a volumetric reduction of each adipocyte cell but I'm really not sure.

Like a balloon filling with air, do adipocyte cells expand in volume while storing lipids?

It is. But it's hard to maintain. I was in ketosis for a month via diet (verified with urine strips twice a day) and it was a struggle to figure out what to eat. Camembert, bacon-wrapped chicken and eggs gets boring after a while. Our civilization runs on carbohydrates, for better or worse.

Do you not like meat?

I do, up to a point.